CVE-2025-64097
NervesHub has Insufficient Token Entropy that Allows Authentication Bypass via Brute Force
Description
NervesHub is a web service that allows users to manage over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates of devices in the field. A vulnerability present starting in version 1.0.0 and prior to version 2.3.0 allowed attackers to brute-force user API tokens due to the predictable format of previously issued tokens. Tokens included user-identifiable components and were not cryptographically secure, making them susceptible to guessing or enumeration. The vulnerability could have allowed unauthorized access to user accounts or API actions protected by these tokens. A fix is available in version 2.3.0 of NervesHub. This version introduces strong, cryptographically-random tokens using `:crypto.strong_rand_bytes/1`, hashing of tokens before database storage to prevent misuse even if the database is compromised, and context-aware token storage to distinguish between session and API tokens. There are no practical workarounds for this issue other than upgrading. In sensitive environments, as a temporary mitigation, firewalling access to the NervesHub server can help limit exposure until an upgrade is possible.
INFO
Published Date :
Jan. 22, 2026, 3:16 p.m.
Last Modified :
Feb. 17, 2026, 7:37 p.m.
Remotely Exploit :
Yes !
Source :
[email protected]
CVSS Scores
| Score | Version | Severity | Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | CRITICAL | [email protected] | ||||
| CVSS 4.0 | CRITICAL | [email protected] |
Solution
- Upgrade NervesHub to version 2.3.0 or later.
- Implement firewall rules for sensitive environments as a temporary measure.
- Ensure tokens are strong, random, and hashed before storage.
References to Advisories, Solutions, and Tools
Here, you will find a curated list of external links that provide in-depth
information, practical solutions, and valuable tools related to
CVE-2025-64097.
| URL | Resource |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/pull/2024 | Issue Tracking Patch |
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/releases/tag/v2.3.0 | Product Release Notes |
| https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/security/advisories/GHSA-m9vj-776q-vc8m | Vendor Advisory |
CWE - Common Weakness Enumeration
While CVE identifies
specific instances of vulnerabilities, CWE categorizes the common flaws or
weaknesses that can lead to vulnerabilities. CVE-2025-64097 is
associated with the following CWEs:
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC)
Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification
(CAPEC)
stores attack patterns, which are descriptions of the common attributes and
approaches employed by adversaries to exploit the CVE-2025-64097
weaknesses.
We scan GitHub repositories to detect new proof-of-concept exploits. Following list is a collection of public exploits and proof-of-concepts, which have been published on GitHub (sorted by the most recently updated).
Results are limited to the first 15 repositories due to potential performance issues.
The following list is the news that have been mention
CVE-2025-64097 vulnerability anywhere in the article.
The following table lists the changes that have been made to the
CVE-2025-64097 vulnerability over time.
Vulnerability history details can be useful for understanding the evolution of a vulnerability, and for identifying the most recent changes that may impact the vulnerability's severity, exploitability, or other characteristics.
-
Initial Analysis by [email protected]
Feb. 17, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added CVSS V3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H Added CPE Configuration OR *cpe:2.3:a:nerves-hub:nerveshub:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* versions from (including) 1.0.0 up to (excluding) 2.3.0 Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/pull/2024 Types: Issue Tracking, Patch Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/releases/tag/v2.3.0 Types: Product, Release Notes Added Reference Type GitHub, Inc.: https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/security/advisories/GHSA-m9vj-776q-vc8m Types: Vendor Advisory -
New CVE Received by [email protected]
Jan. 22, 2026
Action Type Old Value New Value Added Description NervesHub is a web service that allows users to manage over-the-air (OTA) firmware updates of devices in the field. A vulnerability present starting in version 1.0.0 and prior to version 2.3.0 allowed attackers to brute-force user API tokens due to the predictable format of previously issued tokens. Tokens included user-identifiable components and were not cryptographically secure, making them susceptible to guessing or enumeration. The vulnerability could have allowed unauthorized access to user accounts or API actions protected by these tokens. A fix is available in version 2.3.0 of NervesHub. This version introduces strong, cryptographically-random tokens using `:crypto.strong_rand_bytes/1`, hashing of tokens before database storage to prevent misuse even if the database is compromised, and context-aware token storage to distinguish between session and API tokens. There are no practical workarounds for this issue other than upgrading. In sensitive environments, as a temporary mitigation, firewalling access to the NervesHub server can help limit exposure until an upgrade is possible. Added CVSS V4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X Added CWE CWE-330 Added Reference https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/pull/2024 Added Reference https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/releases/tag/v2.3.0 Added Reference https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/security/advisories/GHSA-m9vj-776q-vc8m